Montag, 10. Dezember 2018
eu infrastrukture
The EU is working to improve cross-border infrastructure within the EU, for example through the Trans-European Networks (TEN). Projects under TEN include the Channel Tunnel, LGV Est, the Fréjus Rail Tunnel, the Öresund Bridge, the Brenner Base Tunnel and the Strait of Messina Bridge.
In 2010 the estimated network covers: 75,200 kilometres (46,700 mi) of
roads; 78,000 kilometres (48,000 mi) of railways; 330 airports; 270
maritime harbours; and 210 internal harbours.[229][230]
Rail transport in Europe is being synchronised with the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), an initiative to greatly enhance safety, increase efficiency of trains and enhance cross-border interoperability of rail transport in Europe by replacing signalling equipment with digitised mostly wireless versions and by creating a single Europe-wide standard for train control and command systems.
The developing European transport policies will increase the pressure on the environment in many regions by the increased transport network. In the pre-2004 EU members, the major problem in transport deals with congestion and pollution. After the recent enlargement, the new states that joined since 2004 added the problem of solving accessibility to the transport agenda.[231] The Polish road network was upgraded such as the A4 autostrada.[232]
The Galileo positioning system is another EU infrastructure project. Galileo is a proposed Satellite navigation system, to be built by the EU and launched by the European Space Agency (ESA). The Galileo project was launched partly to reduce the EU's dependency on the US-operated Global Positioning System, but also to give more complete global coverage and allow for greater accuracy, given the aged nature of the GPS system.[233]
Rail transport in Europe is being synchronised with the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), an initiative to greatly enhance safety, increase efficiency of trains and enhance cross-border interoperability of rail transport in Europe by replacing signalling equipment with digitised mostly wireless versions and by creating a single Europe-wide standard for train control and command systems.
The developing European transport policies will increase the pressure on the environment in many regions by the increased transport network. In the pre-2004 EU members, the major problem in transport deals with congestion and pollution. After the recent enlargement, the new states that joined since 2004 added the problem of solving accessibility to the transport agenda.[231] The Polish road network was upgraded such as the A4 autostrada.[232]
The Galileo positioning system is another EU infrastructure project. Galileo is a proposed Satellite navigation system, to be built by the EU and launched by the European Space Agency (ESA). The Galileo project was launched partly to reduce the EU's dependency on the US-operated Global Positioning System, but also to give more complete global coverage and allow for greater accuracy, given the aged nature of the GPS system.[233]
The port of Tallinn is one of the busiest cruise and passenger harbours in Northern Europe with over 10 million people passing through in 2016, connecting Helsinki in 2h.
Spain places second in High-speed rail constructed km in the world after China
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population of eu in 2017
| Largest population centres of the European Union metropolitan regions, Eurostat 2017[76] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City name | State | Pop. | Rank | City name | State | Pop. | ||
 London  Paris |
1 | London | UK | 14,187,146 | 11 | Manchester | UK | 3,287,460 |  Madrid .JPG) Barcelona |
| 2 | Paris | France | 12,193,865 | 12 | Hamburg | Germany | 3,282,164 | ||
| 3 | Madrid | Spain | 6,476,838 | 13 | Naples | Italy | 3,107,006 | ||
| 4 | Barcelona | Spain | 5,474,482 | 14 | Marseille | France | 3,099,950 | ||
| 5 | Berlin | Germany | 5,207,915 | 15 | Budapest | Hungary | 3,000,076 | ||
| 6 | Ruhr | Germany | 5,118,681 | 16 | Munich | Germany | 2,879,107 | ||
| 7 | Rome | Italy | 4,353,738 | 17 | Lisbon | Portugal | 2,821,349 | ||
| 8 | Milan | Italy | 4,316,398 | 18 | Vienna | Austria | 2,811,186 | ||
| 9 | Athens | Greece | 3,773,559 | 19 | Stuttgart | Germany | 2,757,930 | ||
| 10 | Warsaw | Poland | 3,369,567 | 20 | Amsterdam | Netherlands | 2,729,421 | ||
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